Basic Informations

C.V

Curriculum Vitae

Master Title

Water Management in Ptolemaic Egypt

Master Abstract

The proposed study sheds light on Ptolemaic ways in water management in Ptolemaic Egypt reclaiming new lands and increasing the productivity of the existing lands. As the irrigation system, in Egypt, depended mainly on The Nile - not on rains-so the Ptolemaic administration arrange water management in Egypt. The proposed study - Water Management in Egypt in the Ptolemaic period - is divided into an introduction, Four Chapters and a Conclusion. - Introduction: The study presents the Nile River and the origin of its name in the Pharaonic and Ptolemaic as well as how Egyptians worshipped The River Nile from different perspectives. Also, the study shows and illuminates the study of flood in the ancient Egyptian culture and the present Greek culture of the Ptolemaic period. Chapter I : This chapter deals with the study of the Irrigation system in ancient Egypt that continued to the present building of the Aswan Dam, pelvic and industrial irrigation systems that have been based on industrial machines to lift water such as Shaduf ????? and waterwheels µ??a?? and ?????a? etc… Moreover, the chapter deals with Nilometer, its types and spread in Egypt and ways of measuring the height of the flood. Chapter II: This Chapter explains in details the governmental administrative apparatus that is responsible for water management in the Ptolemaic period starting from the King Bas??e??, his minister of Finance Dioikhth,j, econumus oikono,moj, Nomarch Noma,rcij, Istratigus Strathgo,j, the village scribe kwmogrammateu,j and finally Irrigation Engineer a???t??t?? who is responsible for establishing dams and canals. Chapter III This Chapter focuses on Water Technical Administration like digging canals and construction of dams, work of Dam guards and their wages. Also, this chapter presents Labors’ contracts, various types of irrigation and Commission that is responsible for such acts and methods of payment concerning these contracts and guarantees that have requested by the state of the contractors and methods of financing. Finally, this chapter pays attention to such faced problems by both irrigation administration and the farmers as well. Chapter IIII: This chapter presents the Economic Administration of water System and the imposed methods by the state for farmers to carry out different irrigation in their obligatory services as personal taxes in addition to such different monetary taxes imposed by the state groups and related to irrigation. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the study of the decayed role of the Ptolemaic administration that takes upon its shoulder water management of the country's poor economy and the peasants’ escape from the fields on the lowest bases

PHD Title

Religious Life in Roman Oxyrhynchite Nome (30 B.C- 284 A.D)

PHD Abstract

The subject of this study is Religious Life in Roman Oxyrhynchite Nome (30 B.C- 284 A.D). Oxyrhynchus is a minor example of the religious life in Egypt in the Roman period, there spread many temples of Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Phoenician gods.the importance of this topic lies in the fact that Oxyrhynchus was one of the most important Nomes of Egypt during the Roman period. This is due to the large number of papyri documents discovered in this Nome. The study is interested in studying Egyptian gods and cults in Oxyrhynchus like Isis and Amon. It is also interested in Greek gods and cults brought by Greek invaders and settlers in the town, and worked hard to spread them in the town like Zeus and Hira. The study also deals with the Roman gods brought by the Romans with their invasion of Egypt led by Augustus Caesar, and after the settlement of some Roman citizens in Oxyrhynchus like Jupiter and Minerva. The study concentrate on the study of religious feasts and celebrations as one of the most important aspects of the cult with its rituals, its aspects and significances. The study also shed light on fortunetelling, and magic as established Egyptian old religious practices, the extent of their impact on the religious changes, and foreign influences in Oxyrhynchus in the Roman period. The study aims at revealing the relationship between different cults of various roots, and the agreements among them, and the spread of the culture of religious tolerance among believers, this in addition to the attributes of various gods in Oxyrhynchus and their changeability. The importance of studying religion in roman Oxyrhynchus is due to the fact that it offers an interesting example of the relationship between several cults of foreigners living in the city, and the Egyptian cults. It is important to notice that there were a lot of agreements between the Egyptian, and the Greek and Roman gods, because of the existence of common attributes among them. To answer the questions of the study, the methodologyused here depends on spotlighting the factors of continuity and change in the framework of systems of religious belief and practice, the use of folk daily religious traditions in analyzing the factors of change and continuity, consistency and overlapping between different religious beliefs (Egyptian, Greek and Roman), and its impact on changing religious beliefs of the population of Oxyrhynchus, whose presence may be more complex and deep in medical, magical texts and those related to cure by gods.