The Environment of the Nile Islands Located between AL- Hayiba meander in the South and Girza meander in North (A Study in Applied Geomorphology)

The present thesis is an applied Geomorphology Study of the Nile Islands Located between AL- Hayiba meander in the South and Girza meander in the North. The area being studied is a part of the Nile; it extends along its course from the 71- Km to the 156-Km mark of al-Rawdha Measurement and lies at latitude 28° 46ﹶ 30ً N and 29° 26ﹶ 30ً N and longitude 30° 53ﹶ E and 31° 15ﹶ E. The present study consists of five chapters preceded by an introduction and The introduction includes a display to specify the region and the reasons for choosing the subject, the aims of study and the approaches which has been followed and the study sources and its contents. The chapter I handles the morphological aspects of the studied area in terms of the Nile course as well as the nature of its directions, meanders, and profile. The study revealed that the Nile course in the studied area is sinuous; it consists mainly by many sharp-angled meanders separated from one another by some parts that are almost straight. The general shape ratio is about 81-mm/Km, i.e. 1-m/12,250 Km. Besides, it investigates the birth and formation of some of the studied islands. The chapter II studies the Environmental elements affecting the Nile islands in the studied area though investigating the geological development of the studied area from the early Eocene to the Holocene. It also studies the climatic conditions in a period of 30 years starting from 1967 – 1997. The chapter then presents a detailed study of the soil and natural vegetation. The chapter III examines the morphometric aspects of the islands under study; they are 46 islands and occupy about 18,953 Km. It also investigates the metric aspects of the islands and the relation between such aspects and the processes affecting the islands formation. The chapter IV studies the Environmental changes that the islands were subjected to before and after the High Dam construction. It also deals with the hydrologic changes from the last century until now; and, consequently, some changes in the studied shapes before the High Dam construction. The chapter V is an applied geomorphological study of the islands and the nature of the relation between the various human activities and pollution ratio on these islands. It then evaluates the islands resources and their relation with the Nile and human activities. The conclusion deals present the results of the study.